Iceland
The Christmas book flood
In Iceland the Christmas present is a book. Every November a catalogue of the year's new books goes to every home in the country, and it has done since 1944. Then on Christmas Eve, after dinner, the presents are opened and lots of people spend the rest of the night reading. It goes back to the war years, when most gifts were hard to bring into the country but paper was easier to get. Ask in Iceland and you'll hear that not everybody reads all night, and also that it's still very much a thing. They call it Jólabókaflóð, the Christmas book flood.
A book on Christmas Eve is where our own book comes in, and if you'd like more to choose from, there are 36 in our Christmas picture books list.
Try it at home: Give everyone a new book on Christmas Eve and read together until bedtime.
Iceland
A shoe on the windowsill
From December 11 until Christmas Eve, Icelandic children put a shoe in their bedroom window, and the 13 Yule Lads, folk characters a bit like trolls, leave small presents in it.
Try it at home: Put a shoe on the windowsill tonight, with something small in it by morning.
Norway
The almond in the porridge
Rice porridge is often served in the middle of the day on Christmas Eve, with one almond hidden in it, and whoever finds it wins a marzipan pig. In old farm stories every farm has a nisse, a little gnome who lives in the barn, and some people still put out a bowl of porridge with sugar and cinnamon to keep him happy. At five in the afternoon church bells ring, and Christmas has begun.
Try it at home: Hide one almond in a bowl of rice pudding. The finder gets a small prize.
The five o'clock bells are church bells.
Denmark
Dancing around the tree
Danish families celebrate on the evening of December 24. Dessert is risalamande, a rice pudding with cherry sauce, and again one whole almond is hidden in it, with a present for whoever finds it. Then everyone holds hands and dances around the Christmas tree, singing, before the presents are opened.
Try it at home: Hold hands, circle the tree and sing whatever you all know. Out of tune counts.
Germany, Austria, Switzerland
Presents on Christmas Eve
The presents are opened on Christmas Eve, not on the 25th, and it's called the Bescherung. In some places they're brought by the Christkind, the Christ Child, and in others by the Weihnachtsmann, Father Christmas. Many families go to church in the afternoon or evening, and supper is often something simple, like potato salad and sausages.
Try it at home: Let everyone open one present on Christmas Eve.
The Christkind is a religious figure and church is a religious custom. Opening presents on the Eve is a family one.
Poland
Waiting for the first star
Wigilia, the Christmas Eve supper, traditionally waits until the first star shows in the sky. There's also an empty place at the table, laid for an unexpected guest. An ethnologist at the University of Łódź links it to old customs about visitors: a wandering stranger, or someone in need.
Try it at home: Send the kids to the window to spot the first star. Supper starts when they do.
The supper has religious parts too.
Finland
The Christmas Peace
At noon on December 24, the Declaration of Christmas Peace is read out from a balcony in Turku, in Finnish and in Swedish. Scholars think the first one was in the 1320s. It's shown live on TV and online, all over the world.
Try it at home: Watch it together online. Noon in Finland is 10 in the morning in London and 5 in the morning in New York.
Its words begin with the feast of Jesus's birth, so the text is religious, though the event is a civic one.
Catalonia
The Christmas log
From December 8, Catalan children look after the Tió de Nadal, a log with a painted face. They feed it and keep it warm under a blanket. On Christmas Eve or Christmas Day they tap it with sticks and sing it a song (a rather rude one, which is half the fun), then lift the blanket to find sweets and small presents.
Try it at home: Give a log or a box a face, tuck it under a blanket and hide sweets underneath.
Mexico
Las Posadas
From December 16 to 24, neighbors go from house to house asking for shelter, the way Mary and Joseph did on the way to Bethlehem, with music, food and a piñata for the children. The last night is Christmas Eve.
Try it at home: If you'd like to borrow just one part, a piñata goes down very well.
This one is religious: it retells part of the Christmas story.
The Philippines
Noche Buena
After the Christmas Eve Mass, Misa de Gallo, families go home for a midnight feast, with queso de bola (a big round cheese), Christmas ham and hot chocolate. Then everyone sits under the tree and opens the presents.
Try it at home: A late supper with hot chocolate, for anyone who can keep their eyes open.
It follows a church service.
Italy
The vigil supper
In Italy, Christmas Eve is la vigilia, and supper is often fish, from the old Catholic custom of not eating meat before a holy day. The famous Feast of the Seven Fishes is mostly Italian-American, and nobody knows for sure why it's seven.
Try it at home: Fish for supper, and the kids count how many kinds made it to the table.
Its roots are religious.
The UK
A mince pie and a carrot
When YouGov asked children aged 6 to 10 in 2017, 77% put out a carrot for the reindeer and 64% a mince pie for Father Christmas. A glass of milk came next, and cookies a long way behind. A little sherry often goes out for him too, and in Ireland a pint of Guinness, but those are the grown-ups' idea.
Try it at home: Our plate card has a mince pie side and a cookie side.
Ireland
A candle in the window
In Ireland a candle in the window on Christmas Eve was, for a long time, a sign of welcome for strangers, and especially for Mary and the baby Jesus.
Try it at home: A battery candle in the window, and a talk about who you'd like to welcome.
It began as a religious custom.
Greece
Kálanda at the door
On the morning of December 24, Greek children go from door to door with little metal triangles and ask, "Shall we sing?" They sing the kálanda and get a little money (it used to be sweets). They do it again on New Year's Eve and on January 5.
Try it at home: Sing one carol at the grandparents' door. The triangle is optional.
The Christmas kálanda's words tell of Jesus's birth.
Australia
Carols by Candlelight
In Melbourne, Carols by Candlelight fills the Sidney Myer Music Bowl on Christmas Eve, and it's on TV too. It's a charity concert for Vision Australia's children's programs. In 2026 it's on Thursday, December 24, at 8 pm.
Try it at home: Light a few candles (battery ones are fine) and sing along at home.
Not on Christmas Eve: in the Netherlands, Sinterklaas brings the presents on December 5, into shoes put out in the days before.